AQA A-level History · 2D

Religious conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570

50 exam-style questions with answers for 2D Religious conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570 in AQA A-level History (spec 7042). Practise with flashcards, a topic quiz, a random quiz across the course, 5 crosswords, or read every question and answer below.

All 50 questions and answers

Question 1 · Spec 2D, Part one
State two roles of churchmen in government c1529. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: royal advisers, eg Wolsey (1); sat in the House of Lords (1); ran Church courts (1); diplomats (1).
Question 2 · Spec 2D, Part one
State two features of popular piety c1529. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: guilds and chantries (1); pilgrimages and saints’ cults (1); belief in purgatory (1); masses for the dead (1).
Question 3 · Spec 2D, Part one
Who were the Lollards? [1 mark]
Answer:
Followers of John Wycliffe, who criticised Church wealth and wanted the Bible in English.
Question 4 · Spec 2D, Part one
Who was William Tyndale? [1 mark]
Answer:
A reformer who translated the New Testament into English (1526) and was executed in 1536.
Question 5 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the King’s ‘Great Matter’? [1 mark]
Answer:
Henry VIII’s attempt to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
Question 6 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Reformation Parliament (1529–1536)? [1 mark]
Answer:
The parliament that passed the laws breaking England from Rome.
Question 7 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Submission of the Clergy (1532)? [1 mark]
Answer:
The clergy agreed not to make Church laws without the King’s consent.
Question 8 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It stopped appeals to Rome, so Cranmer could annul Henry’s marriage in England.
Question 9 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Act of Supremacy (1534)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It declared Henry Supreme Head of the Church of England.
Question 10 · Spec 2D, Part one
Who were Thomas More and John Fisher? [1 mark]
Answer:
Opponents of the break with Rome, executed in 1535 for refusing the Oath of Succession.
Question 11 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A survey of Church wealth carried out for Cromwell.
Question 12 · Spec 2D, Part one
State two motives for the dissolution of the monasteries. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: royal finance (1); removing loyalty to Rome (1); reports of abuses (1); rewarding supporters with land (1).
Question 13 · Spec 2D, Part one
What were the Ten Articles (1536)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A statement of doctrine recognising three sacraments.
Question 14 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Great Bible (1539)? [1 mark]
Answer:
The official English Bible placed in every parish church.
Question 15 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Act of Six Articles (1539)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrine such as transubstantiation.
Question 16 · Spec 2D, Part one
Why did Cromwell fall in 1540? [1 mark]
Answer:
The failed Cleves marriage and conservative faction attacks led to his execution.
Question 17 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the King’s Book (1543)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A conservative statement of doctrine issued by Henry VIII.
Question 18 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was simony? [1 mark]
Answer:
Buying or selling Church offices.
Question 19 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was nepotism in the Church? [1 mark]
Answer:
Giving Church posts to relatives.
Question 20 · Spec 2D, Part one
Who was Simon Fish? [1 mark]
Answer:
The author of the anti-clerical Supplication for the Beggars (1529).
Question 21 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Supplication against the Ordinaries (1532)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Commons petition against Church courts and clergy.
Question 22 · Spec 2D, Part one
Who was Elizabeth Barton? [1 mark]
Answer:
The ‘Nun of Kent’ who prophesied against Henry’s marriage to Anne and was executed in 1534.
Question 23 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Act of Succession (1534)? [1 mark]
Answer:
It declared Anne Boleyn’s children heirs and required an oath.
Question 24 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A northern rising against the dissolution and religious change.
Question 25 · Spec 2D, Part one
Name two leaders of the conservative faction in the 1540s. [2 marks]
Answer:
Any two from: the Duke of Norfolk (1); Bishop Gardiner (1); Bishop Bonner (1).
Question 26 · Spec 2D, Part one
What was the Bishops’ Book (1537)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A moderately reformist statement of doctrine.
Question 27 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who was Somerset? [1 mark]
Answer:
Edward VI’s uncle and Protector, who began Protestant reform.
Question 28 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who was Thomas Cranmer? [1 mark]
Answer:
Archbishop of Canterbury who wrote the Books of Common Prayer.
Question 29 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was the Western Rebellion (1549)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Catholic rising in Devon and Cornwall against the English Prayer Book.
Question 30 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was Kett’s Rebellion (1549)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Norfolk rising against enclosure and social grievances.
Question 31 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was the 1552 Prayer Book? [1 mark]
Answer:
A more Protestant service book that denied the real presence in the Eucharist.
Question 32 · Spec 2D, Part two
What were the Forty-Two Articles (1553)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Protestant statement of doctrine issued under Edward VI.
Question 33 · Spec 2D, Part two
Why did Mary I keep the title of Supreme Head at first? [1 mark]
Answer:
Parliament had to repeal the Reformation laws before papal authority could be restored.
Question 34 · Spec 2D, Part two
When was papal authority restored? [1 mark]
Answer:
In 1554–1555 by Mary’s third Parliament, under Cardinal Pole.
Question 35 · Spec 2D, Part two
How many Protestants were burned under Mary? [1 mark]
Answer:
About 280.
Question 36 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who were Latimer, Ridley and Cranmer? [1 mark]
Answer:
Protestant bishops burned for heresy in Oxford (1555–1556).
Question 37 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A rising against Mary’s marriage to Philip of Spain.
Question 38 · Spec 2D, Part two
What were the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559)? [2 marks]
Answer:
Supremacy made Elizabeth Supreme Governor (1); Uniformity imposed the 1559 Prayer Book (1).
Question 39 · Spec 2D, Part two
What were the Royal Injunctions (1559)? [1 mark]
Answer:
Instructions enforcing the Settlement in parishes.
Question 40 · Spec 2D, Part two
What were the Thirty-Nine Articles? [1 mark]
Answer:
The doctrine of the Church of England, agreed in 1563 and passed by Parliament in 1571.
Question 41 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was the Vestiarian Controversy? [1 mark]
Answer:
A dispute in the 1560s over whether clergy should wear surplices.
Question 42 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was the Northern Rebellion (1569)? [1 mark]
Answer:
A Catholic rising by the northern earls.
Question 43 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was the papal bull of 1570? [1 mark]
Answer:
Regnans in Excelsis, which excommunicated Elizabeth.
Question 44 · Spec 2D, Part two
What were the Chantries Acts (1545 and 1547)? [1 mark]
Answer:
They dissolved chantries, ending prayers for the dead.
Question 45 · Spec 2D, Part two
What were the Edwardian Injunctions (1547)? [1 mark]
Answer:
Orders to remove images and use English scripture in churches.
Question 46 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who was Northumberland? [1 mark]
Answer:
John Dudley, who ruled after Somerset and pushed further Protestant reform.
Question 47 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who was Lady Jane Grey? [1 mark]
Answer:
Proclaimed queen in 1553 under Northumberland’s plan, deposed after nine days.
Question 48 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who was Cardinal Pole? [1 mark]
Answer:
Mary’s Archbishop of Canterbury and papal legate.
Question 49 · Spec 2D, Part two
Who were the Marian exiles? [1 mark]
Answer:
Protestants who fled abroad under Mary and returned under Elizabeth with more radical ideas.
Question 50 · Spec 2D, Part two
What was Foxe’s Book of Martyrs (1563)? [1 mark]
Answer:
An account of the Marian persecutions that shaped Protestant identity.

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Religious conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570

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